When Is Pediatric Reconstructive Surgery Needed for Burns?

Burns are among the most common injuries in children, and they can have devastating effects on both physical health and emotional well-being. Understanding the types of pediatric burns and when reconstructive surgery is necessary is crucial for ensuring our young ones receive the care they need to heal and thrive.

At GK Plastic Surgery in Fort Lauderdale, FL, we specialize in comprehensive pediatric burn care, providing advanced reconstructive techniques to improve healing and restore function.

Understanding Pediatric Burns

The Journal of Emergency Medical Services™ emphasizes that pediatric burns differ vastly from adult burns.

Children exhibit distinct physiological responses to burns compared to adults, significantly impacting their recovery process. Pediatric patients typically experience a greater metabolic response, which can increase their risk of hypothermia and trigger systemic inflammatory reactions. These factors can intensify the severity of the burn injury and complicate healing. Additionally, children’s skin is thinner and more sensitive, making them more vulnerable to deeper burns even after brief exposure to harmful elements.

The causes of pediatric burns are diverse, encompassing thermal, chemical, electrical and scald injuries. Scalding from hot liquids is particularly common among infants and younger children, primarily due to their natural curiosity and exploratory behavior, especially in high-risk areas like kitchens and bathrooms. Conversely, flame burns are more frequently observed in older children, often resulting from interactions with fire or flammable substances.

Approximately 86% of burns are caused by thermal injury, while about 4% are electrical and 3% are chemical. Flame and scald burns are the leading causes of burns in children and adults. More adults are injured with flame burns, while children younger than five are more often injured with scald burns. 

One study published in the December 2024 Burns medical journal found that:

• Approximately three percent of pediatric patients required reconstructive surgery.
• Most reconstructive surgeries were performed within two years post-burn.
• Owing to contractures or hypertrophic scarring, most surgeries were performed on the face, arm, neck, hand or anterior trunk. 
• Reconstruction is an important outcome parameter of burn care.

Types of Burns

1. First-Degree Burns: These affect only the outer layer of skin (epidermis) and result in redness and minor pain. Healing usually occurs within a few days without medical intervention.
2. Second-Degree Burns: These involve both the epidermis and part of the underlying layer (dermis). They can produce blisters, swelling and significant pain. Proper treatment is essential to prevent complications and scarring.
3. Third-Degree Burns: This level of burn penetrates through the skin into deeper tissues, damaging both the dermis and underlying structures. The skin may appear white, charred or leathery. Third-degree burns require specialized medical attention and often necessitate reconstructive surgery for optimal healing.
4. Fourth-Degree Burns: These are the most severe, impacting the skin, muscles, tendons and bones. They require immediate emergency care, and reconstructive surgery is typically essential for recovery.

Given the various levels of severity, parents and caregivers need to understand when professional medical intervention is required.

When Is Reconstructive Surgery Necessary?

Reconstructive surgery for pediatric burns is generally considered when:

• Full-Thickness Burns: When a child experiences a third-degree burn or higher, there is often irreversible damage to the skin and underlying tissues. Reconstructive surgery is critical to promote healing, restore skin integrity and enhance functionality.
• Excess Scarring: Burns can lead to hypertrophic scars or keloids—raised and thickened scars that can restrict movement and cause discomfort. In cases where scars limit a child’s mobility or lead to psychosocial issues, reconstructive surgery helps in scar revision and function restoration.
• Functional Impairment: If the burn has affected a child’s ability to use a limb or perform daily tasks, reconstructive techniques such as skin grafting or tissue expansion may be necessary. This can help improve not only aesthetic outcomes but also functional capabilities.
• Psychosocial Considerations: The emotional impact of burn scars is significant, particularly in children as they navigate social situations. Reconstructive surgery can be integral in boosting self-esteem, particularly when burn injuries are visible.

Comprehensive Pediatric Burn Care at GK Plastic Surgery

At GK Plastic Surgery, we recognize the unique challenges that pediatric patients face when dealing with burns. Our approach is centered on providing specialized, compassionate care tailored to children’s specific needs. Dr. George Kamel, a board-certified pediatric plastic surgeon with extensive experience in pediatric plastic and craniofacial surgery, leads our efforts.

Dr. Kamel employs advanced reconstructive techniques to promote healing and restore function. His commitment to using the most effective treatments ensures that young patients recover fully, allowing them to engage confidently in their daily lives.

In addition to surgical interventions, our team emphasizes comprehensive follow-up care. This includes:

• Physical Therapy: Physical therapy may be essential after surgery to regain range of motion and strength in the affected areas.
• Psychological Support: Addressing emotional and psychological needs is vital, as burns can be traumatic experiences. Supportive counseling helps children and families cope with the aftermath of burns.
• Custom Treatment Plans: Each child’s situation is unique. We develop tailored treatment plans involving surgical and non-surgical approaches to maximize recovery and minimize long-term effects.

Fort Lauderdale Pediatric Burn Care Specialist

The road to recovery from burn injuries can be daunting; however, with the proper care and expert guidance, children can overcome these challenges and lead full, active lives. GK Plastic Surgery is dedicated to providing the highest level of care, ensuring that no child faces their journey alone.

If your child has suffered a burn injury, please contact us. Dr. Kamel and our dedicated team are here to answer your questions and guide you through the process, from initial evaluation to post-surgery care. Together, we can help your child heal and bring hope back into their life.

For more information on pediatric burn care or to schedule a consultation, visit us at GK Plastic Surgery in Fort Lauderdale, FL. We’re committed to your child’s health and recovery.